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Category: Psychotherapy (Page 1 of 2)

3 Keys to Happiness in Daily Life

It doesn’t take a whole new routine to instill a dose of happiness into your day—but it does take a little self awareness.

1. Be grateful for the good & the bad.

Research shows, grateful people are happy people. It’s also important to understand that happiness is not the absence of negative feelings. Gratitude is a focus on the present and appreciation for what we have now, rather than wanting more. Embracing gratitude, as a state of mind, can have a positive affect on all aspects of life including our happiness and overall satisfaction.

Up your mood by taking a moment daily to think of your world with gratitude. Start a gratitude journal or take a walk in nature paying attention to all the gifts around us. Think of a person that helps you on a daily or weekly basis – a spouse, parent, friend, pet, teacher, cleaner, or babysitter.

Quiz: How grateful are you? Take the Gratitude Quiz published by the Greater Good Science Center at UC Berkeley.

2. Flex your creativity muscles.

Do you have a passion or hobby? It doesn’t have to be a formal activity, simply engaging in creative thinking can enhance well-being by enhancing cognitive flexibility and problem-solving abilities. A recent study out of New Zealand, published in The Journal of Positive Psychology explains that creative activities can trigger an “upward spiral” of well-being.

“Practicing an art — no matter how well or badly — is a way to make your soul grow. So do it.” – Kurt Vonnegut.

Make some space in your day to create, even if it’s just for the sake of it. Try exploring unique textures or even natural and recycled materials to make something for your home or a friend. Looking for some tips on how to add more creativity into your daily life? Read this list of 101 creative habits to explore.

3. Get connected, Stay connected.

Being apart of something larger than yourself can help bring perspective as well as a sense of belonging. Scientific evidence strongly suggests that feeling like you belong and generally feel close to other people is a core psychological need; essential to feeling satisfied with your life. The pleasures of social life register in our brains much the same way physical pleasure does.

So take the time to nurture a friendship that is important to you. Make an extra effort to show you care, send a card, make a plan to have lunch, or give them a call and really listen to what they say. Smile and say hello to a stranger. Tell a story when someone asks how your day is going. Notice how you feel when you share something with someone new.

Struggling and need support? Join a support group and talk to others that can relate. Find your tribe: support.therapytribe.com – a free online support community brought to you by TherapyTribe.

TherapyTribe - Wellness Tracker Tip: Check out the wellness tracker. It’s a simple but powerful tool designed to help you remember the promises you make to yourself. As you complete wellness activities your tree will blossom, and so will you!

Waiting at the Wrong Door

When Fixing Keeps You From Creating

Trevor had spent several therapy sessions trying to understand his parents.

The stories were different each week, but the questions were remarkably similar. Why were they so emotionally distant? Why did they seem incapable of showing interest in his life? Why, after decades of disappointment, did he still find himself hoping that this time they might respond differently?

He wasn’t asking these questions out of anger. If anything, they came from a place of longing. Like many people, Trevor wasn’t looking for perfect parents. He simply wanted to feel known, valued, and genuinely cared for.

As I listened that day, I realized we had reached a point where understanding his parents was no longer moving the therapy forward. We knew who they were. We knew what they had consistently shown him throughout his life. The question that remained wasn’t really about them anymore.

So I asked him something different.

“What do you hope to gain from understanding all of this?”

He paused before answering.

He explained that he was trying to decide what to do about his relationship with them. After years of estrangement, he had reached out, hoping that perhaps things would finally be different. Instead, he experienced what he had always experienced. They responded politely but rarely initiated contact. They acknowledged him, but never seemed curious about his life. Finally, he said something that seemed so simple, yet carried decades of disappointment.

“I just want them to be normal parents.”

That sentence stayed with me.

Most people are not asking for extraordinary parents. They are asking for ordinary moments—someone who checks in, someone who asks how they’re doing, someone who notices they exist.

I gently reflected something back to him.

“It sounds like you’re still hoping they’ll become the parents they’ve never shown themselves to be.”

He nodded.

Carl Rogers (1961) described the tension between our ideals and reality. We naturally develop ideas about how relationships should be, yet emotional suffering often grows when we continue measuring reality against an image that has never truly existed. Trevor’s longing wasn’t irrational. It was deeply human. The difficulty was that he continued placing his hope in two people who had consistently shown him their limitations.

At that point, I thought we were talking about acceptance.

I was wrong.

Then Trevor quietly said something that changed the direction of the entire session.

“It’s all the family I have.”

In that moment, I realized something neither of us had fully recognized.

Trevor hadn’t come to therapy with the problem.

He had come with his explanation of the problem.

He believed his struggle was understanding his parents. But another question had been quietly waiting underneath that one all along.

As we continued talking, he admitted something he had never said quite so clearly before. Outside of his wife, he didn’t have many close relationships. He worked in an executive role that required him to interact with people every day. Leading meetings, collaborating with colleagues, and communicating with confidence were all part of his job, and he did them well. But despite his social proficiencies at work, he had not built personal relationships.

When I asked him why, his answer came almost immediately.

“I’ve been scared of rejection.”

That made complete sense.

If the first people we depend on repeatedly leave us feeling unseen, it is understandable that we begin expecting the same from everyone else. Attachment researchers have long described how early relationships influence our expectations of closeness, trust, and emotional safety throughout adulthood (Bowlby, 1988).

But then another realization slowly emerged.

Trevor had spent years answering one question while another question quietly waited underneath it.

He had devoted enormous emotional energy trying to repair one relationship. Meanwhile, he had never learned how to create the kinds of relationships he deeply wanted today.

So I asked him another question.

“What if what you’re really needing isn’t necessarily them?”

He became quiet.

Then he said something that, to me, became the real beginning of therapy.

“I don’t know how.”

Not how to understand his parents.

Not how to fix them.

He didn’t know how to build meaningful relationships.

That was the hidden agenda beneath every previous session.

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy encourages us to distinguish between trying to eliminate pain and building a meaningful life alongside it (Hayes et al., 1999). Those are often very different pursuits. Sometimes we become so occupied repairing what hurt us that we never begin creating what could heal us.

This has become one of my own guiding philosophies, both personally and professionally.

Create rather than fix.

Fixing asks, How do I make this broken thing finally work?

Creating asks, What can I begin building today?

There are certainly relationships worth repairing. Some conversations restore trust. Some wounds genuinely heal together. But there are also moments when we spend years standing in front of the same closed door, hoping that one more knock will finally make someone answer.

All the while, countless other doors remain unopened.

Near the end of our conversation, I asked Trevor “So, when do you think you might begin creating instead of continuing to fix.”

He smiled nervously before giving one of the most honest answers that actually made me so sad.

“You asking me right now just made me want to run and hide.”

There was no attempt to sound insightful. No polished conclusion. Just honesty.

Ironically, that gave me hope.

Fear often tells us exactly where growth is waiting.

By the end of the session, we were no longer talking about changing his parents. We were talking about learning a skill he had never been taught—how to slowly build friendships, tolerate vulnerability, maintain relationships over time, and accept that meaningful connection is not something we find all at once. It is something we create, one conversation, one invitation, one act of courage at a time.

I suspect many of us do some version of this.

We keep trying to repair the career that disappointed us instead of creating one that fits us better.

We keep waiting for an apology that may never come instead of building peace without it.

We keep hoping someone else will finally become who we have always needed instead of asking what kind of life we can begin creating today.

Perhaps one of the most important questions we can ask ourselves is not,

“How do I fix what was broken?”

Perhaps the better question is,

“What have I not yet begun to create?”

References

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base: Parent-child attachment and healthy human development. Basic Books.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist’s view of psychotherapy. Houghton Mifflin.

What Does it Feel Like to Be Enough?

 An Economic Wellbeing reflection on work, money, and meaning

There are sessions where something feels urgent, and then there are sessions where something feels settled. Today was the latter. Nothing needed fixing, but something important was clear.

Not too long ago, work made Avery miserable. Just months into a role that was meant to be the high point of their career, Avery realized it wasn’t something they wanted to continue for the rest of their working life. So, they chose to step away. There was no immediate plan—just some time off. Along the way, they took a few consultancy work, not as part of a bigger strategy, but because they felt right in the moment.

And now, Avery talked about a possible full-time job. It might mean moving, and it pays less than what they used to earn. Yet, there was no tension in their voice. If it works out, it works out. If not, they would be okay. Before, decisions came from pressure—the need to fix, to prove, to secure something quickly. Now, they came from intention. Not busy, but active.

Avery described something different. Over the past year, they had been letting things unfold rather than forcing outcomes. And somehow, opportunities still came. In some ways, more easily. I pointed out that this was not a lack of effort. It was a shift in how effort was used. It was less about control and more about choice. This is something we often see in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy—moving forward based on values, not fear, even when the outcome is uncertain (Hayes, Strosahl, & Wilson, 1999).

We talked about how Avery works now. The schedule is flexible. The pace is different. It may not look like much from the outside, but Avery feels engaged. Clear.

That led to a distinction I often make. There is a difference between being busy and being active. Busy comes with pressure. It is often about proving something. Active is quieter. It is still effort, but it is chosen. Avery added something important. Busy feels performative.

There is a belief that being tired means being valuable. That the more you do, the more you matter. But Avery stepped away from that. Their work no longer needed to be seen to feel real. It just needed to feel enough.

This lines up with what we know from self-determination theory. People feel better when their actions come from choice and meaning, not pressure (Deci & Ryan, 2000). Avery was no longer working to prove something. They were working in a way that fit.

We then talked about money. The new job pays much less. Before, that would have felt like a loss. Now, Avery said something different. They realized they do not need as much as they once thought. This was not just about money. It was about how Avery now understands economic wellbeing. It was no longer about chasing a number. It was about asking, “What supports my life?”

That shift matters. Research shows that it is not the event itself, but the meaning we give it that shapes how we feel (Seligman, 2011). A lower salary can feel like failure, or it can feel like freedom. The number stays the same. The meaning changes.

I asked Avery what they liked about the job beyond the pay. The answer came quickly—working with people, building relationships, helping others grow. As they spoke, it felt natural, almost easy. Like something they already knew about themselves.

Near the end, I reflected on what Avery said that this job’s salary offer felt like enough. It meant that they were no longer starting from a place of lack. I told them that when you already feel enough, anything more would be a bonus.

References

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.

Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.

When the Hands No Longer Obey

Grief, creativity, and the quiet adjustments of aging

The video image shook slightly when the telehealth session began. At first glance it looked like a weak internet connection, the kind that occasionally causes the screen to wobble. But after a moment it became clear that the motion was coming from the other side of the call. Mr. Rahman adjusted his iPad Pro in his hands, trying to steady it as the camera trembled in small rhythmic movements. Even through the screen, I could see the effort it took for him to hold the device still.

“Sorry about the shaking,” he said with a half smile. “My hands are not as cooperative these days.”

As he repositioned the tablet on his lap, the frame settled briefly before trembling again. The movement of the camera mirrored the subtle tremor in his hands. After a pause he continued.

“This morning I tried to balance my bank statement. I wrote maybe two entries… and then I gave up.”

The frustration in his voice was not really about balancing a bank statement. It was about something deeper. Mr. Rahman had spent his professional life as an architect. For decades, his hands had drawn the lines that eventually became buildings. Precision had not merely been a skill; it had been part of his identity. As he described the tremor interfering with even simple writing, he reflected on how different things used to be.

“People used to compliment my handwriting,” he said. “They said it looked almost like calligraphy.”

He paused for a moment before adding quietly, “I miss that.”

There are moments in therapy when the emotional center of a conversation becomes unmistakably clear. This was one of those moments. When most people hear the word grief, they immediately think of death. But grief is not limited to losing people. It can also arise when we lose abilities, roles, or aspects of our identity that once felt inseparable from who we were.

I said gently, “Grief is really about loss. And loss doesn’t always mean the death of a person. Sometimes it’s the loss of an ability.”

Mr. Rahman nodded slowly, as if recognizing something he had not fully articulated before. “That actually makes sense,” he said. “Because I do feel something like that.”

He began describing how he had tried to return to drawing recently. Colored pencils, sketchbooks, and art supplies—tools that once brought him joy—now sit mostly unused. “My hands tremble too much,” he explained. “I try to draw something and it just doesn’t come out right.”

The grief he described was subtle, almost invisible to others. Nothing dramatic had happened; there was no single event marking the change. Instead, the losses had emerged gradually, quietly altering the landscape of his daily life. Psychologists sometimes refer to these experiences as non-death losses—changes that disrupt identity, autonomy, or competence without the presence of bereavement (Neimeyer, 2012). For many older adults, these losses accumulate slowly over time: the loss of dexterity, the loss of mobility, the loss of professional roles, or the loss of independence in everyday activities. These shifts rarely attract attention, yet they carry profound emotional weight because they reshape how individuals experience themselves in the world.

Earlier in the session, Mr. Rahman had described another example of this quiet transition. “I used to love grocery shopping,” he told me. After long workdays, he often stopped by the market to pick up fresh ingredients for dinner. Cooking had always been something he enjoyed. But now things were different. “I can’t do that anymore,” he said matter-of-factly. “My wife does the shopping now.”

On the surface, it sounded like a small adjustment in household responsibilities. Yet in therapy, seemingly ordinary statements often carry deeper psychological significance. Research in gerontology consistently shows that the loss of functional independence can challenge a person’s sense of identity and dignity (Baltes & Baltes, 1990). Activities that once seemed routine—writing, driving, shopping, cooking—often represent far more than the tasks themselves. They symbolize competence, agency, and autonomy. When these abilities change, individuals may experience what psychologists describe as identity disruption, the unsettling realization that the person they once were is no longer fully accessible.

Yet something interesting happened as our conversation continued. Despite the losses he described, Mr. Rahman began speaking about several new projects he had been exploring. His voice became slightly more animated as he explained that he had started experimenting with artificial intelligence tools. Using photo-editing software, he had begun restoring and enhancing family photographs, adjusting lighting or cleaning up imperfections in old images. “It’s actually quite interesting,” he said, leaning slightly closer to the camera.

He then mentioned another project that had occupied his attention recently. Over the years he had collected numerous recipes—copied from cookbooks, shared by friends, or passed along through conversation—and written them in several small notebooks. “I have six or seven of them,” he explained. “Now I’m trying to put them into a digital format so my daughter can have them someday.”

What he described reflected a psychological process that researchers have long observed in successful aging. In the psychology of lifespan development, Paul and Margret Baltes proposed a framework known as Selective Optimization with Compensation (Baltes & Baltes, 1990). According to this model, as individuals encounter limitations or losses, they often adapt by redirecting their energy toward activities that remain meaningful and achievable. Rather than abandoning engagement altogether, they optimize what is still possible and compensate for what is no longer easily done.

In other words, creativity does not necessarily disappear with age. Sometimes it simply changes form.

Later in the conversation, Mr. Rahman reflected on relationships. “At my age,” he said with a quiet chuckle, “I don’t get into petty arguments with people anymore. It’s just not worth it.” There was a calmness in his voice, an emotional economy that seemed to come from long experience. Developmental psychologist Erik Erikson described later adulthood as a period of life review, when individuals gradually evaluate their experiences and move toward acceptance and wisdom (Erikson, Erikson, & Kivnick, 1986). Sometimes this wisdom emerges not through grand revelations but through small shifts in perspective: letting go of unnecessary conflicts, maintaining long friendships despite differences, or focusing energy on what continues to hold meaning.

Near the end of the session, I asked Mr. Rahman directly, “Do you miss the things you used to be able to do?”

“Yes,” he replied without hesitation. “Very much.”

Nothing about the situation had been solved. His hands would still tremble, and the slight shaking of the iPad camera remained visible as he adjusted his grip again. But therapy does not always aim to eliminate the problem. Often its purpose is quieter and more fundamental: helping individuals name their experiences and understand them within the larger narrative of their lives. Research on meaning-making suggests that articulating and contextualizing difficult life changes can significantly improve psychological adjustment (Park, 2010).

By the end of the session, Mr. Rahman’s losses had not disappeared. Yet they had been acknowledged, explored, and understood within the broader experience of aging, identity, and adaptation. In many ways, that is what resolution in therapy often looks like—not the removal of suffering, but the ability to recognize it, speak about it, and integrate it into a life that still contains purpose and meaning. Even as certain abilities fade, the human impulse to create, connect, and make sense of one’s experiences often remains remarkably resilient.

References:

Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: The model of selective optimization with compensation. In P. B. Baltes & M. M. Baltes (Eds.), Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences (pp. 1–34). Cambridge University Press.

Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M., & Kivnick, H. Q. (1986). Vital involvement in old age. W. W. Norton.

Neimeyer, R. A. (2012). Techniques of grief therapy: Creative practices for counseling the bereaved. Routledge.

Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257–301.

When the Seasons Affect Our Mood: Understanding Winter Changes

In the past two weeks, a couple of patients told me something similar: their mood felt “off,” even though nothing stressful was happening in their lives.

One patient noticed she felt more tired after the time change. The sun set earlier, and her body slowed down. Even though she still did her chores and met her responsibilities, she caught herself calling it “laziness.” Together, we talked about how this feeling was real, but the label didn’t match the facts. Sometimes our bodies get tired earlier because of changes in sunlight, not because we’re doing anything wrong.

Another patient shared that he recently felt more distracted, unsure of himself, and unusually emotional. His work and home life were steady, yet he found himself searching for explanations—Why do I feel this way? Did something go wrong? We discussed how the mind often tries to “fill in the blanks” when mood changes, even if nothing in life has changed. Sometimes the cause is biological, not personal.

In both cases, I explained that many people notice mood shifts when the seasons change. This experience is common, and it doesn’t mean they are failing or losing progress. It simply means their bodies and brains are responding to the environment.

This is where Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) becomes important to understand.

What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder?

Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a type of depression that follows a pattern based on the seasons. Most people think SAD only happens in winter, but research shows it can happen in any season—winter, spring, summer, or fall—depending on the person (American Psychiatric Association, 2022).

How Common Is It?

  • About 1–5% of adults experience SAD each year.
  • Up to 20% experience a milder form often called the “winter blues” (Melrose, 2015).

Why Does It Happen?

Scientists explain SAD using a few key ideas:

  1. Less Sunlight = Body Clock Changes
    When daylight hours shrink, our internal clock can get out of rhythm. Research shows that light is the main signal that resets the brain’s “master clock,” which helps control sleep, mood, and energy (Czeisler & Gooley, 2007).
    Without enough morning light, we may feel tired, foggy, or low in mood.
  2. Serotonin Levels Drop
    Serotonin helps regulate mood. Darker days can lower serotonin activity.
  3. More Melatonin
    Longer darkness can cause the body to release more melatonin, leading to sluggishness.

Is It Always Winter-Related?

Not always. Some people have summer-pattern SAD, where too much heat or sunlight affects sleep and mood (Rosen et al., 1990).

What Helps?

Research supports several treatments:

  • Light therapy using a special lamp (Lam et al., 2006).
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy made for SAD (CBT-SAD).
  • Vitamin D, though results are mixed and should only be taken with medical guidance (Gloth, Alam, & Hollis, 1999).

How You Can Support Your Mood 

During Winter

Here are simple, research-supported steps you can take:

1. Notice Your Seasonal Pattern

Pay attention each year:

  • Do you feel more tired or discouraged during winter?
  • Do earlier sunsets affect your energy?
  • Do you assume low energy means something is “wrong”?

Awareness helps prevent negative self-talk.

2. Get Sunlight in the Morning

Your brain needs light to reset its internal clock—this is backed by circadian rhythm research showing that morning light helps regulate mood and energy (Czeisler & Gooley, 2007).

Try:

  • 5–10 minutes of morning sunlight
  • Going outdoors soon after waking
  • Sitting near a window if outdoor time isn’t possible

This is something both of my patients found helpful once they tried it.

3. Move Your Body

Exercise boosts mood and energy.
You don’t need an intense routine—start with:

  • A short walk
  • Light stretching
  • A few minutes of strength work

Consistency matters more than intensity.

4. Stay Connected

Winter and the holidays can make people feel lonely.
Try to maintain simple connections:

  • A weekly check-in
  • A walk with a friend
  • Time with supportive people

Connection protects emotional health.

5. Talk With a Doctor About Vitamin D

Low Vitamin D may affect mood for some people, but the research is mixed.
Because supplements can be overused, talk with a medical provider before taking any (Gloth et al., 1999).

6. Be Kind to Yourself When Energy Drops

Feeling tired does not mean you are failing.
Sometimes your body is reacting to the season.

Before blaming yourself, consider whether winter changes might be influencing your mood.

7. Prepare for Your Harder Months

If you notice a yearly pattern, plan ahead:

  • Start light therapy early
  • Lower unnecessary commitments
  • Build in more rest
  • Strengthen routines that help you feel grounded

Planning gives you control before mood shifts begin.

Seasonal mood changes are normal and very common. They do not mean you are weak, lazy, or doing something wrong. Our bodies respond to sunlight, temperature, sleep changes, and rhythm shifts. When you understand this, you can replace self-blame with self-care. And as we saw in both therapy sessions, awareness helps people feel more hopeful and less confused about their emotional experiences.

 

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).

Czeisler, C. A., & Gooley, J. J. (2007). Sleep and circadian rhythms in humans. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 72, 579–597.

Gloth, F. M., Alam, W., & Hollis, B. (1999). Vitamin D vs broad spectrum phototherapy in the treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 3(1), 5–7.

Lam, R. W., Levitt, A. J., Levitan, R. D., Enns, M. W., Morehouse, R., Michalak, E. E., & Tam, E. M. (2006). The Can-SAD study: A randomized controlled trial of bright light therapy and fluoxetine in Seasonal Affective Disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163(5), 805–812.

Melrose, S. (2015). Seasonal Affective Disorder: An overview of assessment and treatment approaches. Depression Research and Treatment, 2015, 1–6.

Rohan, K. J., Sigmon, S. T., & Dorhofer, D. M. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral factors in Seasonal Affective Disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71(5), 993–1004.

Rosen, L. N., Targum, S. D., Terman, M., Bryant, M. J., Hoffman, H., Kasper, S. F., & Wehr, T. A. (1990). Prevalence of Seasonal Affective Disorder at four latitudes. Psychiatry Research, 31(2), 131–144.*

Finding Light in September: Recovery, Prevention, and Hope

September is more than the transition from summer to fall. It’s a month dedicated worldwide to two deeply important themes in mental health: Suicide Prevention Awareness and Recovery Awareness. Both serve as reminders that mental health touches every one of us—directly or indirectly—and that hope and healing are possible.

Changing the Narrative on Suicide

The conversation around suicide has long carried stigma and silence. Yet research shows that open, compassionate dialogue is protective. When individuals feel seen and heard, their risk decreases (Chu et al., 2017). This year’s international theme, “Changing the Narrative on Suicide,” emphasizes shifting the focus from fear and judgment to understanding and support.

Too often, suicide is discussed only after a tragedy. Prevention means building everyday cultures of care where emotional struggles are normalized, not hidden. Friends, coworkers, and family members don’t need to have all the answers—they simply need to show up. Even small gestures, like checking in with a text or asking “How are you, really?” can communicate value and belonging.

Importantly, suicide prevention should never single out or spotlight individuals as “at risk” in a way that isolates them. Instead, it reframes the responsibility as collective. Just as public health campaigns around seatbelts or smoking reduced harm through shared action, shifting narratives around suicide can foster widespread resilience and safety.

Recovery Is Real

Alongside prevention, September also marks National Recovery Month. The 2025 theme, “Recovery is REAL: Restoring Every Aspect of Life,” reminds us that recovery from substance use or mental health challenges is not only possible but common.

Recovery is multidimensional. It’s not only about abstaining from substances or managing symptoms—it’s about reclaiming identity, purpose, and relationships. Research highlights that connection to supportive communities significantly improves recovery outcomes (Best & Laudet, 2010). Employment opportunities, creative expression, spirituality, and physical health are equally vital to the journey.

Recovery is not linear. It includes setbacks, restarts, and unexpected detours. But each step forward is proof that change is real. As one study notes, relapses are not failures but often turning points toward stronger long-term stability (Kelly & Greene, 2014). Celebrating progress—rather than perfection—can keep hope alive.

What We Can Do Together

  • Listen without fixing. Offering presence and non-judgmental listening often matters more than immediate solutions.
  • Normalize help-seeking. Just as we wouldn’t hesitate to see a doctor for chest pain, reaching out for emotional pain should be seen as strength.
  • Create safe spaces. Workplaces, schools, and community groups can model openness by incorporating mental health check-ins, resource posters, and staff training.
  • Share resources. Knowing where to turn in moments of crisis can make all the difference.

Resources for Support

  • 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (U.S.) – Call or text 988 anytime.
  • SAMHSA Helpline – 1-800-662-HELP (4357) for mental health and substance use support.
  • National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) – nami.org for education, support groups, and advocacy.

Final Note

September invites us not to turn the spotlight on vulnerability, but to widen the circle of compassion. By changing the way we speak about suicide, and by celebrating stories of recovery, we remind ourselves and others that no one is alone in this journey. Hope is not abstract—it is lived, shared, and real.

References

Best, D., & Laudet, A. (2010). The potential of recovery capital. RSA Projects. https://www.thersa.org/globalassets/pdfs/reports/mental-health-and-recovery-report.pdf

Chu, C., Buchman-Schmitt, J. M., Stanley, I. H., Hom, M. A., Tucker, R. P., Hagan, C. R., Rogers, M. L., Podlogar, M. C., Chiurliza, B., & Joiner, T. E. (2017). The interpersonal theory of suicide: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a decade of cross-national research. Psychological Bulletin, 143(12), 1313–1345. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000123

Kelly, J. F., & Greene, M. C. (2014). Where there’s a will there’s a way: A longitudinal investigation of the interplay between recovery motivation and self-efficacy in predicting treatment outcome. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 28(3), 928–934. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034727

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2020). Treatment and recovery. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.samhsa.gov

Anhedonia

Have you ever found yourself losing interest in things you used to love—like a favorite hobby, music, or time with friends? This is called anhedonia, a term that describes the reduced ability to feel pleasure. It’s a common symptom of depression, but it can also appear in anxiety, trauma-related conditions, burnout, and even after major life stress.

Anhedonia is more than just feeling sad or bored—it can feel like a disconnect between what you know you used to enjoy and what you actually feel in the moment. This can lead to isolation, low motivation, and even guilt (“Why can’t I enjoy anything?”).

On the opposite side of the spectrum is hedonism, which emphasizes seeking pleasure, enjoyment, and comfort. While a balanced amount of pleasure-seeking can improve well-being, anhedonia is a signal that the brain’s reward system needs extra support—like a “low battery” warning.

Why It Matters

Recognizing anhedonia early can help prevent it from deepening into a more serious mental health concern. Understanding that this is a symptom, not a personal failing, is the first step toward change.

What You Can Do

  • Start Small: Pick one simple, low-effort activity you used to enjoy (listening to a favorite song, sipping tea, stepping outside for a minute) and try it daily, even if you don’t feel like it.
  • Move Your Body: Physical activity, even gentle stretching or walking, can re-engage the brain’s pleasure pathways.
  • Connect with Others: Social connection helps regulate mood, even if you start with a brief call or message to someone you trust.
  • Track Your Mood: Keep a journal of activities and rate your enjoyment from 1–10. This can show patterns and gradual improvement.
  • Seek Support: If anhedonia lasts more than a couple of weeks or interferes with work, relationships, or daily functioning, talk to a mental health professional. Treatments like therapy and medication can be very effective.

Action Step: This week, schedule just one enjoyable activity—no matter how small—and commit to showing up for it. Consistency can “retrain” your brain to feel joy again.

Living with Anxiety: Turning the Mind’s What If Into a What Now

Anxiety is a universal human experience. It’s not just the 30% of people who will meet criteria for an anxiety disorder in their lifetime (Bandelow & Michaelis, 2015). It’s the friend who can’t sleep before a big meeting, the parent who mentally runs through a dozen worst-case scenarios before their child even leaves the driveway, or the student who rewrites a text message three times before pressing send.

Our brains evolved to anticipate. This remarkable ability to look ahead has kept humans alive for millennia—it’s why early hunter-gatherers carried tools before they needed them and why we pack an umbrella when the forecast calls for rain. But the same foresight that allows us to prepare can also trap us in mental simulations of disaster, living in the tension of problems that haven’t happened yet—and may never happen at all.

From Story to Narrative—and Back Again

I hear the same underlying struggles in my recent therapy sessions with patients. One worries that a partner’s habits might shape their child’s future in harmful ways. Another lay awake imagining a tragic bike accident before their child even left the house.

Both situations were rooted in what I call the difference between story and narrative:

  • The story is what is actually happening right now.
  • The narrative is the version of events our mind constructs, often based on fear, assumption, or incomplete information.

When we mistake the narrative for the story, we start responding emotionally to a movie in our head rather than the facts in front of us. That’s where anxiety thrives.

What Science Says About Why We Worry

Modern research tells us anxiety is shaped by multiple forces—biological, cognitive, and environmental.

  • Trait vs. state anxiety (Spielberger, 1983) explains why some people tend to feel anxious across many situations, while others experience it only under specific stressors.
  • Reinforcement sensitivity theory (Gray & McNaughton, 2000) describes how an overactive “behavioral inhibition system” makes us extra alert to potential threats.
  • The tripartite model (Clark & Watson, 1991) helps explain why anxiety often overlaps with depression, highlighting shared features like negative mood and unique features like physiological arousal.
  • Recent neuroscience adds another layer: stress can actually alter gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms, potentially making us more sensitive to anxiety triggers over time (Zannas & West, 2014).

What these theories have in common is the recognition that anxiety isn’t just “in your head”—it’s a complex interaction between brain, body, and lived experience.

Worrying vs. Planning: A Crucial Distinction

Here’s the important part: worrying is never a requirement for effective action.

  • Worrying is imagining the future as if it’s already gone wrong, then reacting to that imagined outcome.
  • Planning is choosing an action in the present, without demanding that the future turn out a certain way.

Both are future-oriented, but only planning moves you forward. Worry burns energy; planning invests it.

What Works: From Therapy Room to Daily Life

In those sessions, the shift came from turning worry into intention. The process looked like this:

  1. Catch it early — Recognize, “This is worry.” Naming it interrupts the spiral.
  2. Anchor in the present — Ask, “What needs my attention right now?”
  3. Plan without prediction — Choose one next step without adding “and it must work out this way.”
  4. Use external supports — Reminders, notes, or scheduled check-ins to keep you aligned with action rather than rumination.
  5. Reframe the narrative — Replace “This will go badly” with “I’ll handle whatever comes.”

These strategies echo what research shows works best for anxiety: cognitive-behavioral methods to challenge distorted thoughts (Beck & Clark, 1997), mindfulness to stay in the present (Hofmann et al., 2010), and acceptance-based approaches that allow worry to exist without letting it steer the wheel (Hayes et al., 2006).

Try This Today

If you find yourself caught in “what if” thinking:

  • Pause and label it: “This is a narrative, not the story.”
  • Shift to a “what now” mindset: “What’s the smallest action I can take in the next 10 minutes?”
  • Ground yourself in sensory details—the sound of a kettle, the texture of your desk, the feel of your feet on the floor.
  • Close the loop by acting on your plan, no matter how small.

Final Thought

The challenge is not to silence our worries completely but to respond skillfully, using it as a prompt to plan instead of a trap and a downward spiral. When we can move from “what if” to “what now,” we reclaim the energy that worry steals and put it toward a present moment that we actually want to live in.

Read more from Rizaldy R. Ferrer, Ph.D.


References

Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327–335.

Beck, A. T., & Clark, D. A. (1997). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(1), 49–58.

Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316–336.

Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions of the septo-hippocampal system. Oxford University Press.

Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. Guilford Press.

Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010). The effect of mindfulness-based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 169–183.

Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Zannas, A. S., & West, A. E. (2014). Epigenetics and the regulation of stress vulnerability and resilience. Neuroscience, 264, 157–170.

The Weight of Unworthiness, and the Work of Healing

Have you ever asked yourself, “What’s wrong with me?” or thought, “I don’t deserve good things”? If so, you’re not alone. Many people, especially those going through depression or anxiety, struggle with feeling unworthy.

But where do these feelings come from? And more importantly, how can we begin to change them?

Let’s take a closer look.

What “Feeling Unworthy” Really Means

Feeling unworthy is more than just having a bad day. It’s a deep belief that you’re not good enough—not smart enough, lovable enough, successful enough, or simply not enough.

Psychologists call this low self-concept clarity—it means you’re unsure of who you are and what makes you valuable (Campbell et al., 2003). When this happens, it’s easy to doubt your worth, compare yourself to others, or feel like you’re constantly falling behind.

Where These Feelings Often Come From

People who feel unworthy usually don’t just wake up one day and feel that way. These thoughts often start early and build over time. Based on research and what people share in therapy, here are some common reasons:

  • You were criticized or ignored as a child
    (“I only got attention when I messed up.”)
  • You had to care for others before yourself
    (“My feelings didn’t matter.”)
  • You were only praised for achievements
    (“If I wasn’t perfect, I felt like a failure.”)
  • You were bullied or rejected
    (“Others made me feel small.”)
  • You compare yourself constantly
    (“Everyone else seems to be doing better than me.”)
  • You experienced trauma or abuse
    (“I thought I caused it… I must be bad.”)

These experiences can shape the way we think about ourselves—even long after they’re over (Brown, 2006; Herman, 1992).

You Can Start Rebuilding Your Worth—One Day at a Time

The good news? You can begin healing—not all at once, but with small steps. Here are simple, daily activities (5–15 minutes) that can help rebuild your sense of worth.

1. Say Something Kind to Yourself in the Mirror (5 min)

Look yourself in the eye and say one true, positive thing.
Example: “I’m doing my best, and that counts.”
This builds self-compassion, which helps reduce shame and social anxiety (Neff & Vonk, 2009).

2. Write a Short “I Am” List (5 min)

Each day, write 3 words that describe you right now.
Example: “I am tired, thoughtful, and trying.”
This helps increase self-concept clarity—knowing and accepting who you are (Campbell et al., 2003).

3. Practice a Brave Choice (5–10 min)

Speak up in a group, share your opinion, or say no when needed.
These “small brave acts” help rebuild confidence, especially in social situations (Clark & Wells, 1995).

4. Reach Out to Someone (10 min)

Text someone and say: “Can I share something I’ve been thinking about?”
Even one real connection a day can reduce loneliness and build self-worth (APA, 2019).

5. Take a Quiet Walk Alone (15 min)

Leave your phone. Pay attention to your steps, your breath, and your surroundings.
This helps you feel grounded and notice your own presence—a key part of developing identity.

6. Affirm What You Value (5 min)

Write one sentence each day:
“Today, I lived out my value of ____ by doing ____.”
Living by your values gives your life direction—and boosts your self-trust (Creswell et al., 2005).

You’re Not a Problem to Fix—You’re a Person to Care For

Healing doesn’t mean becoming a “perfect” person. It means becoming a person who can say, “I’m allowed to take up space.”

You are not broken—you’re becoming.

References 

American Psychological Association. (2019). Relationships and self-esteem: How they grow together. https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2019/09/relationships-self-esteem

Brown, B. (2006). Shame resilience theory: A grounded theory study on women and shame. Families in Society, 87(1), 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3483

Campbell, J. D., Trapnell, P. D., Heine, S. J., Katz, I. M., Lavallee, L. F., & Lehman, D. R. (2003). Self-concept clarity: Measurement, personality correlates, and cultural boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(5), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.895

Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R.G. Heimberg et al. (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69–93). Guilford Press.

Creswell, J. D., et al. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16(11), 846–851. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2005.01624.x

Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery. Basic Books.

Neff, K. D., & Vonk, R. (2009). Self-compassion versus global self-esteem: Two different ways of relating to oneself. Journal of Personality, 77(1), 23–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00537.x

Mental Health ≠ Mental Illness

Many people still confuse mental health with mental illness, but they are not the same. Everyone has mental health—just like we all have physical health—but not everyone experiences mental illness.

What is Mental Health?

Mental health refers to our overall psychological well-being. It encompasses how we cope with daily stressors, maintain relationships, make decisions, and feel about ourselves. It is not just the absence of mental illness; it also includes positive traits such as resilience, emotional regulation, and life satisfaction.

Teixeira et al. (2025) emphasize that mental health must be seen as “a dynamic state of internal equilibrium,” which supports effective functioning in society, and is distinct from diagnosable mental disorders.
What is Mental Illness?

Mental illness refers to clinical conditions such as depression, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, among others. These are diagnosable mental health conditions that often require specific treatment, including therapy, medication, or both.

Nguyen et al. (2025) found that even among healthcare professionals, there remains confusion between these two terms, leading to inadequate preventive strategies and perpetuating stigma.

Prevention, Maintenance, and Growth

Just like we eat healthy foods and exercise to maintain our physical health, we must actively care for our mental health. Mental health promotion includes:

  • Practicing mindfulness and reflection
  • Building strong social connections
  • Engaging in physical activity
  • Seeking help when needed—early!

According to Fiorillo & De Giorgi (2024), proactive public health policies should target social determinants like income, education, and housing to build resilience and reduce risks for mental illness.

Challenging the Stigma

The stigma around mental illness often prevents people from seeking help. But framing mental health as universal and maintainable can shift this perspective.

A recent scoping review by Plackett et al. (2024) found that social media campaigns that emphasize mental health as everyday well-being (not illness alone) significantly improve attitudes and help-seeking behavior.

Everyone Has Mental Health—Just Like Physical Health

Let’s normalize talking about emotions and seeking support—not just in crisis, but as a routine part of life.

📌 Key Takeaways:

  • Mental health is for everyone; mental illness is not.
  • Promoting mental health is about building well-being, not just treating disorders.
  • Reducing stigma starts with education and open conversations.
  • Prevention, just like in physical health, can significantly reduce mental health issues.

References:

Fiorillo, A., & De Giorgi, S. (2024). Social Determinants of Mental Health. Springer. https://raggeduniversity.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/1_x_Andrea-Fiorillo-editor-Serafino-De-Giorgi-editor-Social-Determinants-of-Mental-Health-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Series-Springer-2024_compressed.pdf

Nguyen, M.V., Khanh, H.D., & Phan, C.T. (2025). Investigating the impacts of psychological safety climate on mental ill health. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ECAM-11-2024-1576/full/html

Plackett, R., Steward, J.M., Kassianos, A.P., Duenger, M. (2024). The effectiveness of social media campaigns in improving knowledge and attitudes towards mental health and help-seeking. JMIR Preprints. https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/assets.jmir.org/assets/preprints/preprint-68124-submitted.pdf

Teixeira, A.I., Martins, S., Lima, S., Pinto, F., & Morgado, T. (2025). A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Mental Health Literacy Among University Health Students. Healthcare, 13(7), 724. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/13/7/724

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